The Emotional Discomfort Women Experience Is Explained By...

Women face a number of body image and weight concerns due to prevailing sociocultural standards of thinness (Snyder, 1997). Preferred body ideals have been publicized through different forms of media outlets (Owen Spencer, 2013). Because of this, women begin to feel a sense of emotional discomfort (Higgins, 1987). The emotional discomfort women experience is explained by Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory. This theory centers on the idea of three aspects of the self: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self (Vartanian, 2012). Negative emotions arise when there is a discrepancy between the actual self and one of the other two selves (Snyder, 1997). According to Vartanian (2002), a vast majority of woman perceive their bodies as†¦show more content†¦Messages that portray an idealized â€Å"thin† image are ubiquitous throughout media and are more focused towards female images than those of males (Strahan et al., 2006). It has been proposed that due to We stern culture’s emphasis on a slimmer physique, body dissatisfaction and weight concerns have increased among females (Lake, Staiger Glowinski, 2000). Becker (2004) was interested in the effects of introducing television into a media-naà ¯ve Fijian community. Researchers interviewed schoolgirls three years after introducing television. They found that young girls watching television appeared to be modelling behaviours of certain characters depicted in TV dramas (Becker, 2004). More striking evidence of the influence of media on women’s negative attitudes towards weight surfaced when the girls made comments admiring characters for their â€Å"appearance, weight and self- presentation† (Becker, 2004). This ultimately reflected a motivated desire in young females to reshape their bodies to reflect those seen on TV, which fostered disordered eating patterns (Becker, 2004). This study demonstrates the power of the pernicious nature of media exposure on the emergenc e of a preoccupation with body weight and shape in young females. An emergence of a new trend in the idealized female shape seems to have surfaced—from a curvier more voluptuous figure to one more angular and lean in shape (Garner, Garfinkel, Schwartz Thompson, 1980).Show MoreRelatedHow Does Self Discrepancy Of Media Influenced Body Image Affect Adolescents Self Esteem?1235 Words   |  5 PagesSection A: Project Details Title: How does self-discrepancy of media-influenced body image affect adolescents’ self-esteem? Abstract: Research has shown that exposure to thin-ideal media is related to body dissatisfaction. Consequently, the accumulated dissatisfying emotions regarding one’s body can evolve into distorted body perception. Such disturbed body image has been evident as associated with low self-esteem. Nonetheless, little research has sought to elucidate the rationales for these perplexedRead MoreMaking Sence of Homonegativity10662 Words   |  43 Pagescom/loi/uqrp20 Making Sense of Homonegativity: Heterosexual Men and Women s Understanding of Their Own Prejudice and Discrimination toward Gay Men Lisa Margaret Jewell Melanie Ann Morrison a a a University of Saskatchewan, Department of Psychology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Published online: 28 Aug 2012. To cite this article: Lisa Margaret Jewell Melanie Ann Morrison (2012): Making Sense of Homonegativity: Heterosexual Men and Women s Understanding of Their Own Prejudice and Discrimination towardRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescompanies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any

Sustainable Energy Sources Essay - 5554 Words

Sustainable Energy Sources Energy is life. Life on this planet depends upon a fixed amount of energy. The modern industrialized energy sources such as coal and petroleum were originally utilized for their seeming promiscuity and high energies yielded per unit volume. The world has now become painfully aware of how finite petroleum reserves are, not to mention the political complications associated with being dependent upon foreign countries for an energy supply. To add insult to injury, the limitedness of petroleum resources is not the most pressing problem, their polluting byproducts are. The enormous amounts of byproduct waste that finds its way into our environment is having effects which even the most renowned of experts cannot†¦show more content†¦The straw that breaks the camel’s back could fall with a whisper, 100 years before the full ramifications of that ‘straw’ are known. In the more developed countries (MDC) of the world, the average electricity capacity is roughly 1 KW per person and growing . At current rates of growth the population of the world is projected to reach 10,000 million during the next century. If all todays developing countries reach a standard of living comparable to the MDCs of today the global demand for electricity is likely to require some10,000 million KW of capacity, about 10 times its present level. At our present technological advance, the world is not capable of accomplishing this energy output level. Coal, oil, gas, nuclear fuel are all limited fossil resources, and in addition nuclear technologies have great dangers associated with them. Nuclear energy is a viable energy source, but the potential for accident and our current lack of knowledge as to how to handle the poisonous byproducts outweigh its energy benefits. As we search for the energy sources that are to sustainable power the world, it is important that we concentrate our research upon sources of energy that are renewable , perpetual and clean. Climatic, economic and supply factors must be taken into account but short term considerations of price, supply and demand cannot be allowed to take sole precedence in determining what the fuels and energy sources the futureShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Energy Development Sustainable Development Goals Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OFORI KOFI DICKSON – P16196652 MSc. ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT ENERGY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Abstract This report discusses the role of energy in sustainable development goals. The report highlights on the target set by the United Nations and the time-frame given to achieve these targets. 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Narrative Technique in Short Fiction free essay sample

In short fiction, as in creative writing generally, the point of view or narrative technique has been seen as particularly important in how readers might engage with a story. Why might an author use a particular narrative technique? Select three stories from the Reader that demonstrate a particular narrative technique, or that demonstrate several different narrative techniques, and discuss and compare the effect of this in these stories. Narrative technique and point of view play an important part in how a reader can engage with a short story. Depending upon how the technique is used, the reader can either feel included or alienated1, even in the most inclusive form of narrative, that of the first person singular perspective. I will be referring to three stories from the reader, all written with a first person perspective, and discussing how this narrative technique, partnered with other aspects of the story, engage the reader in it. Heather M. Steffen defines First Person perspective as a narrative style indicated by the use of the pronouns â€Å"I† (for the singular form) and â€Å"we† (plural form). The events of the story are being told by someone who is or did experience them. One of its downfalls is that the reader is only able to view a single characters emotions thought and experiences within the story, but this perspective can make the story seem more immediate, thus generally more engaging for the reader, without being intrusive (as a second person perspective can often do). 2 The three stories I will be using are also all connected by a recurring theme, that of death and injury, chosen so that the contrast between them is all the more clear. Beginning with Aquifer, by Tim Winton, the first person perspective here is that of a man who is returning to his childhood home, due to a grisly discovery in the swamp at the end of his street3. Winton begins the story in the present, with the narrator seeing a news report regarding the discovery of human bones near his childhood home. This triggers a memory of long ago, and we are taken on a metaphorical and physical journey, back to when the narrator was a child growing up in a new development outside of Perth. This journey through time is occurring concurrently with the narrator making the drive back to the area, and we learn not only about the death of one of his neighbours in the swamp, but also of the eventual death of much of the swamp itself, as it is shaped and formed to the needs of the growing community. As readers, we are drawn into the story by a yearning to learn more about this man, and why he feels the need to return to this place, that he had long since abandoned. We feel for this man, coming to terms with the way his old home has changed, because we too as readers find ourselves looking back on our childhood homes, and finding that they are completely different to how we remember them, whether through actual change, or just a distortion of memory. In complete opposition to this feeling is that which one feels when faced with Malky, the narrator and viewpoint character of Irvine Welsh’s A Fault on the Line. 4 Malky is a brash and seemingly uncaring man, whose language and manner can be a huge turn off to the reader. This is something of a pattern for Welsh, as noted by Robert Morace: ‘ rovides an arresting portrait of the pathological Scot as a [young] urban male, graphic [not only] in its language and depiction of violence ’5 This is all well and good for a reader coming from a similar background, who can relate to the character of Malky (who is less of an urban young male and more of a working class rough man), on some sort of basic level (though not necessarily the sort of person who would blame their own wife for getting her legs chopped off), but for the average reader, if there is such a thing, it is a far more difficult task to engage with the viewpoint character of Malky, as he is so different from many readers. Of course, yet another level of narrative technique within this story is the fact that not only are we looking through Malky’s eyes, we are looking through his brain and his thoughts, in such a way that the reader can find themselves trying a lot harder to engage with the story, because of the struggle of trying to understand the language barrier from regular English, to the Scottish brogue that A Fault on the Line is written in. This is perhaps the effect Welsh was attempting to achieve, in writing a story that would usually alienate many people, he has instead drawn readers nto a world that would normally just pass them by, thanks to the challenges it poses in language, tone and content. Welsh’s story is proof that even the most seemingly off-putting of characters can become an important literary device, who at first glance can seem to disengage the reader from the story, but upon further investigation (as this person has discovered), is used in a very powerful way to engage the reader in a way that is not immediately visible or thought possible. Moving on, from Scotland to Ireland, and we come to look at Anne Enright’s short story Until the Girl Died. This story does not use the same literary device of accented writing that A Fault on the Line does, yet much like Welsh, Enright is usually famed for her writing on Irish life, especially that of relationships between men and women. 7 Enright’s stories are narrated with a sort of black humour, and humour has always been a good way to engage a reader, even the kind of humour that is a woman discussing her husband’s marital transgressions (‘lapses’, as the narrator calls them). This story is markedly different from the other two examples I have used in that the narrator is not the focal point of the story. Kevin, the woman’s husband, is the focal point of this story, thus this story is an example of where the narrator and viewpoint character are not the same person, as is the case in Aquifer and A Fault on the Line. The reason I say this is because we learn far more about the husband than we ever do about the wife. Most of the story is Emily talking about her husband, and how the death of Samantha (the titular girl) has affected Kevin, rather than herself. Whether this was intentional on the behalf of Enright as a literary device, the division of narrator and viewpoint character, or as a character building device, showing that Emily is more concerned about her husband than herself, it works as an engagement device. The reader is drawn in, wondering why it is that Emily is so easily able to forgive her husband for his lapses, and all the while she is almost angry at Samantha for dying, leading the reader to begin to feel the same way. This is the true art of the short story, to make the reader feel sympathy for someone who falls in a morally grey area, that of Kevin, the philanderer. Enright doesn’t force the reader into this belief, but gently prods us towards it, until we are right there alongside Emily, when at the end of the story she is feeling guilt over her acerbic attitude towards Samantha, after seeing how her death has affected Kevin and her relationship with him. Her visit to the girls grave is a powerful image, and it is at this point that she becomes the viewpoint character, and we see her in a different light, rather than a woman who will get angry at the girl who is fooled into a relationship with her husband, as a woman who will go to any lengths to get back the husband she has loved this whole time. This story is so true to life, it is easy to imagine that this is happening somewhere nearby, perhaps to someone the reader knows. Domestic unrest is portrayed so much in literature and media in these times, it is hard not to engage in a story that involves marital dramatics. A strong sense of reality is a powerful device in reader engagement, even in first person perspective. Readers can see themselves in that situation, wondering what they would do if they were Emily, or even if they were Kevin. Enright has definitely succeeded in using narrative technique to engage the reader in her story. Narrative technique and focalisation/point of view are and will remain important literary devices in short fiction for many years to come. Being able to engage the reader is the job of the author, and narration technique is one of the many ways that this is done. It is of special importance in the short story, where the author and narrator need to grab the attention of the reader very quickly, while still being able to move the story forward swiftly. There is a limited space to get the essence of the story across to the reader, so authors must apply every device available to them to ensure that the reader does not get bored 100 words in. Narrative technique and focalisation are a small but important part of this, because if the reader cannot engage with the narrator and characters, then all hope is lost for the story, and it might as well not be written. First person perspective, being a very common form of narrative technique, has probably the least trouble in engaging readers, as they are so used to seeing it (unlike that of the second person perspective, which can be confronting and uncomfortable for some readers). It is other aspects within the story that can affect the effectiveness of this narrative technique (as demonstrated with Malky’s harsh language), but more often than not this easy to read form of narrative is able to overcome any other accidental obstacles he writer may have placed in the way of their story. To conclude, in researching and looking closely at three very different stories, all using the singular form of first person perspective, this author has found herself engaging once again with these three stories on different levels, being given more knowledge into how these stories have been written, and how these devices are used to show the reader different sides of the viewpoint character and narrator. This is truly a deep engagement with the story.

Sociological Autobiography Research Paper Example

Sociological Autobiography Paper In Brooklyn, New York on July 10th, 1979 that was the day I decided to make my grand entrance into this world. At birth I was given an ascribed status of an African American female, which would play an important role in my life as I grew older. My parents were married and very young at the time of my birth. My maternal grandparents thought it would be best if I lived with them while my parents worked and went to school. This arrangement worked out for several years and seemed beneficial for both my parents and I. I lived with my grandparents until I was about 5 years old or when my mom and dad divorced. As a result of the divorce, my mother became a single parent. My mother raised me on her own until she met Mr. Wayne. After the divorce, my dad lost contact with me, our relationship became estranged. During that time my father earned his achieved status as a dead-beat dad. That status would soon change when my father met his second wife. My step-mother expressed to my dad if he wanted to be with her, he has to be involved in his child’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Autobiography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Autobiography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Autobiography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She has been a blessing to me from the beginning of their relationship. My father reconciled any differences he had with my mother and began to rebuild our father/daughter relationship. My mother and Mr. Wayne eventually got married and moved in together. Growing up in a blended family had it pros and cons. I was an only child, on my mom’s side for about 10 years until my brother Zuri came along in 1988. I didn’t have siblings on my dad’s side until 1996 when my brother Terrell was born and 1999 when my sister Sharina was born. My childhood upbringing definitely had a tremendous force on how my future adult life would turn out. My mother, father, and grandparents all had an impact on my outlook of life. They all worked very hard to provide the best for our family. I grew up in what sociologists would the call the working lower-middle class. Although life with my primary group was great at 16 years old, I began to get tired of the switching of the households every other weekend. It was frustrating especially being a product of a blended family. I had social ties with my friends at school and I had a boyfriend with whom I thought I was madly in love with. My social network was increasing and it was important for me to maintain those relationships with my secondary groups or at least I thought it was. Growing up in New York City offered me an opportunity to live in an environment with no obstructions. I was able to connect with a diverse population on a daily basis. I had friends from various ethnic backgrounds.