TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TORT - Essay Example Nevertheless, in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co ([1970] AC 1004 (HL) it was suggested that Lord Atkin’s rationale remained applicable unless the specific circumstances merited exclusion of the dictum. As a result, commentators argued that the pendulum had swung too far in favour of claimants, which was reinforced by the decision pertaining to proximity in terms of who the duty of care was owed to in Anns v Merton LBC ([1972 2 All ER 492). The decision in of Anns v Merton London Borough ([1978] A.C. 728) asserted that the proximity test relies on a consideration of the nature of the relationship between the parties and Lord Wilberforce asserted that: â€Å"in order to establish that a duty of care arises in a particular situation... the question has to be approached in two stages. First one has to ask whether, as between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage there is a sufficient relationship of proximity ... such that in the reasonable contemplation of t he former, carelessness on his part may be likely to cause damage to the latter- in which case a prima facie duty of care arises†. However, subsequent decisions have struggled with this and in practice the courts have sought to water down the ramifications of Lord Wilberforce’s dictum in Anns v Merton as highlighted by the decisions in Peabody Donation Fund v Sir Lindsay Parkinson ([1984] 3 All ER 529) and Yuen Kun-yeu v AG of Hong Kong ([1987] 2 All ER 705). Moreover, in Rowling v Takaro Properties ([1988] 1 All ER 163) Lord Keith highlighted the point that a literal application of the judicial rationale in Anns v Merton could risk courts not taking into account all relevant factual considerations when evaluating whether or not to impose a duty of care. This line of thinking was reinforced by Lord Templeman’s dictum in CBS Sons v Amstrad ([1988] 2 All ER 484) which suggested that the decision in Anns undermined the purpose of negligence liability and risked open ing the floodgates of claims. In highlighting the implications of Lord Wilberforce’s test in Anns, Lord Templeman commented that Anns: â€Å"put the floodgates on the jar, a fashionable plaintiff alleges negligence.† Whilst the post Anns decisions clearly tried to avoid the literal implications of the Wilberforce test, the duty of care test was clarified by the decision in the case of Caparo Industries v Dickman ([1990] 1 All ER 568). In Caparo v Dickman ([1990]1 ALL ER 568), the House of Lords confirmed the following three stage test to determine whether a duty of care exists: 1) Whether the consequence of the defendant’s actions were reasonably foreseeable; 2) Whether there was sufficient proximity to impose a duty of care; and 3) Whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care. Moreover, Lord Bridge focused on the interrelationship between foreseeability and proximity elements for the existence of duty of care. To this end, Lord Bridge commen ted that â€Å"necessary ingredients in any situation giving rise to a duty of care are that there should exist between the party owing the duty and the party to whom it is owed a relationship characterised by the law

Role of the RAF in second world war Essay Example for Free

Role of the RAF in second world war Essay You ask, What is our policy? I will say; It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us: to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, What is our aim? I can answer with one word: Victory victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be; for without victory there is no survival. 1 The Allied air forces based in Great Britain had numerous tactical advantages over the Luftwaffe. These included the use of anti-aircraft guns, the home field advantage, preference in mission profiles, slight technological superiority, and the use of land-based radar. Ground-based anti-aircraft fire from friendly allied units provided support for allied fighter and caused another threat for Luftwaffe bombers. A statement issued by the Air Ministry on September 15, 1940 stated that four enemy aircraft were shot down by anti-aircraft fire by 2000 hours. 2 Friendly anti-aircraft units provided an extra threat for the Luftwaffe, gave direct assistance to the Royal Air Force and were a psychological disadvantage for the Luftwaffe. When Allied fighter pilots were shot down during air battles, they had the ability to either eject or crash in friendly territory where local residents were willing to help the pilots return to action; Luftwaffe pilots who were shot down were most likely done flying for the duration of the war. In August of 1940, the ratio of destroyed planes to pilots reported Missing in Action was 49. 14:1. The same ratio for the Luftwaffe during August of 1940 was 1:1. 39. 3 This is the combat equivalent to home field advantage. The Allied pilots were familiar with the terrain, cities and countryside so that if they were forced to bail out, the chances of them returning to combat were much higher than Luftwaffe pilots. The Luftwaffe had to worry about one more problem that was hardly bothering allied air forces. The high Luftwaffe casualties in comparison to allied forces were a large advantage for the Royal Air Force and its allies. The only objective for scrambled Allied fighter pilots was to intercept inbound Luftwaffe air raids while the Luftwaffe fighters had to stay with the bombers to provide escort. This gave the Allied fighters much more freedom in terms of the engagement and allowed the Royal Air Force to dictate the engagement. The Luftwaffe fighter pilots were bound by a number of other similar problems also. For example, a dogfight uses a lot of fuel as fighters raise their speeds, roll, and climb. Fuel was something that the Luftwaffe fighter aircraft simply did not have enough of as they had to fly to Britain, engage the Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft and still reserve enough fuel for the flight home, keeping in mind running out of fuel would result in the Luftwaffe pilots being captured as they would be over British soil if they were to eject. The RAF did not have this problem because they could return to their airfield as soon as they reached bingo fuel (the state at which there is only enough fuel to return to base with a small reserve to orbit). This gave the Allies a significant tactical advantage; they forced the Luftwaffe to react to their actions as soon as they reacted initially with a scramble. There is no armed force that wants to react to another and the Luftwaffe was no exception. This is simply because it gives the other armed force a tactical advantage. The Royal Air Force and her allies also had a slight performance advantage over the Luftwaffe on an objective to objective basis. There are two major classifications of fixed-wing combat aircraft: the fighter and the bomber. Due to the differences between the classes, which are caused by their role, some aircraft are better at specific targets than others. This was no exception during World War II or the Battle of Britain. During the Battle of Britain, Hurricanes, for the most part, were tasked to intercept the inbound bombers. The Hurricane was a very efficient design for intercepting bombers as it sacrificed speed for heavier armaments. 4 The Hawker Hurricane MkIs maximum speed of 521 km/h was enough to intercept any bomber in the Luftwaffes inventory, the fastest of which being the Junker Ju88A/D/H/S/T and the Dornier Do215 which both reached speeds of 470 km/h. The Hawker Hurricane also had eight . 303 machine guns that were beneficial for tearing up Luftwaffe bombers. 5 However, because very few bombers can hold defend themselves against a fighter, they are usually escorted by fighter aircraft. In the case of the Battle of Britain, it was usually the dangerous Messerschmitt Me109 that performed the role of sortie escort. Unlike the Hawker Hurricane, the Me109E1 was a fighter aircraft, designed to kill other fighter aircraft. This meant that it had a faster maximum speed of 560 km/h, which was more than enough to engage the Hurricane. 6 To counter this threat, the Royal Air Force deployed the Supermarine Spitfire. The early Supermarine Spitfire Mk1 was the Royal Air Forces answer to the Messerschmitt Me109. With a maximum airspeed of 594 km/h, the Spitfire Mk1 had a slight speed advantage of approximately 34 km/h. 7 In terms of weaponry, the Spitfire Mk1 had eight . 303 machine guns (which is equivalent to 7. 6962mm) compared to the Me109Es two 7. 92mm machine guns and two 20mm cannons; However, Me109 pilots did not have to worry about fire convergence for their 7. 92mm guns as they were located in the upper fuselage8. The largest advantage the Spitfires and Hurricanes had was that they simply out-turned Luftwaffe fighters. According to Douglas Bader, a Group Captain in the Royal Air Force, the Spitfire and the Hurricane both had smaller turning radiuses than the Luftwaffe fighters did9. Therefore, in order to keep out of an enemy gun sight, RAF pilots simply had to turn hard. If the Luftwaffe pilots tried to follow, the RAF pilot would be behind them after a couple of full turns. In March 1942, the Luftwaffe began flying the Focke-Wulf FW190 which did have significant performance advantages over the Spitfire Mk1 and Hurricane; However the Royal Air Force quickly answered by creating Supermarine Spitfire IXA which was the equivalent to the FW190i. The only other aircraft that outperformed the Royal Aircraft fighters was the Messerschmitt Me262; however it was introduced too late in the campaign to make a significant difference. 10 These performance advantages allowed the Royal Air Force to control the engagement and forced the Luftwaffe to react. One advantage that can not be overlooked in any war or conflict, World War II being no exception, is the element of training soldiers have been given. The Allies recognised this and created the British Commonwealth Air Training Program (BCATP). The British Commonwealth Air Training Program was under the control of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and was a huge Canadian contribution to World War II and the Battle of Britain. Costing Canada $2 billion11 it trained 50,000 pilots, 25,000 navigators and 57,000 other aircrew members12. After the creation of the British Commonwealth Air Training Program, Royal Air Force pilots had a significant training advantage over the Luftwaffe pilots. The most significant advantage the Royal Air Force had was their Early Warning capabilities. The Royal Air Force made use of radar. Invented by Robert Watson-Watt, it allowed the Royal Air Force to find the speed and vector of inbound air raids by bouncing radio waves off airborne objects. 13 With a chain of radar stations along the southeast portion of England,14 it was very difficult, if possible at all, for the Luftwaffe to enter British airspace without being met by Royal Air Force fighter aircraft. This allowed the pilots in the Royal Air Force to stay in the air longer because they no longer had to hunt for the Luftwaffe aircraft; 15 they were given specific bearings based on intelligence gathered from the radar stations. This also made a reduction in Combat Air Patrols (CAP) possible because the RAF knew when and where the Luftwaffe bombers were. This allowed readiness to be increased as planes could wait as long as necessary at an airfield with a full loadout and full of fuel until it was most efficient to attack the inbound raid. The most important advantage of radar was depriving the Luftwaffe of the element of surprise, always a very important aspect of war. With the Luftwaffe lacking the element of surprise, yet another tactical advantage was handed to the Royal Air Force. The Luftwaffe had to fight the Battle of Britain with many disadvantages. These disadvantages included the Royal Air Forces training, the Royal Air Forces performance advantages, and having to fight away from home on another countrys ground. All of these factors led to the Luftwaffes defeat during the Battle of Britain, which ended officially on October 31, 1940. 16 However, combat has its price. Mary Kay Ash was correct in saying, People fail forward to success. 17 Endnotes18man, 1 Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), 1940 during his first address as the Prime Minister of Britain.2 Battle of Britain, www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/2WWbritainB. htm, May 29, 2004. 3 Truman, C. , The Battle of Britain, www. historylearningsite. co. uk/battle_of_britain_statistics. htm, May 25, 2004. 4 Harrison, Nigel Jackson. Andy, The Battle of Britain, www. battle-of-britain. com, May 25, 2004. 5 Chris Chant, Aircraft of WWII (Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1999), p. 110, 161, 197. 6 Ibid. p. 299 7 Ibid. p. 222 8 Ibid. 9 Battle of Britain, www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/2WWbritainB. htm, May 29, 2004.i After the war, the Royal Air Force released the Supermarine Spitfire MkIXB which was superior to the Focke-Wulf FW190. 10 Battle of Britain, www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/2WWbritainB. htm, May 29, 2004. 11 Bolotta ,Angelo et al. Canada: Face of a Nation (Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Company, 2000) p. 167 12 Ibid. 13 Truman, C. , Radar and the Battle of Britain, www. historylearningsite. co. uk/radar_and_the_battle_of_britain. htm. 14 Ibid. 15 Ibid. 16 DeltaWeb International, www. raf. mod. uk/bob1940/bobhome.html, April 16, 2004. 17. The Quotations Page, www. quotationspage. com, May 29, 2004. Bibliography 1. Bracken, Robert. Spitfire II. Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1999. 2. Chant, Chris. Aircraft of WWII. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1999. 3. Delta Web International Ltd. www. raf. mod. uk/bob1940/bobhome. html, April 16, 2004. 4. Gurney, Gene, Major, USAF. The War in the Air. New York: Bonanza, 1962. 5. Harrison, Nigel Jackson, Andy. www. battle-of-britain. com, May 24, 2004. 6. Imperial War Museum. www. iwm.org. uk/online/battleofbritain/intro. April 20, 2004. 7. Meyer, Corky. The Best WWII Fighter. Flight Journal, August 2003, p. 27-36. 8. Moncur, Michael et al. The Quotations Page, www. quotationspage. com, May 30, 2004. 9. Simkin, John. The Battle of Britain, www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/2WWbritainB. htm, May 29, 2004. 10. Truman. www. historylearningsite. co. uk/radar_and_the_battle_of_britain. htm, May24, 2004. 11. Truman, C. www. historylearningsite. co. uk/battle_of_britain_statistics. htm, May 24, 2004.

Pythagoras :: essays research papers

Pythagoras   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pythagoras was a very significant person in the history of the world. He made many contributions to the fields of math, music, and astronomy. Pythagoras's teachings and beliefs that were once taught by him in his own school in ancient Greece, are still taught today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The thing that Pythagoras is probably the most famous for is the Pythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean Theorem is used in the field of mathematics and it states the following: the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the two other sides. This means that if one makes a square (with all sides equal in length) out of a triangle with a right angle, the areas of the squares made from the two shorter sides, when added together, equal the area of the square made from the long side. Another geometrical discovery made by Pythagoras is that the diagonal of a square is not a rational multiple of its side. The latter discovery proved the existence of irrational numbers and therefore changed the entire Greek mathematical belief that whole numbers and their ratios could account for geometrical properties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another contribution of Pythagoras and his follower is that of music. Pythagoras essentially created music in that he discovered the way it works. Pythagoras noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonious tones when the ratios of the lengths of the strings are whole numbers. After making this discovery, he found that these same ratios could be extended further to other instruments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pythagoras was one of the first to teach that the Earth was at the center of the universe. He was also one of the first to teach that the world was round, an idea not to be proven for almost another one thousand years. Pythagoras also discovered that the orbit of the moon is inclined to the equator of the Earth. He also was the first person to make the connection that Venus as

As a Head Nurse Essay

We all must experience have responsibilities beyond our expectation and limitation as we can improve ourselves every now and then. Responsibilities are just within our shoulders as we go on with our lives we add more on to it due to the things we learn and experience and simply being a student nurse responsibility is already on our shoulders as we gained knowledge in every step of the way. As a student nurse, knowledge is easy to get as we experience, learn, read and study. But every knowledge comes with great responsibility, which is to help and share it to others who are innocent about specifically toward to their health. Experiencing being a student head nurse is good as it adds my capabilities to manage my time, and my staff nurses. I have been a leader for some time now but I need more experience to be better than before. I am not at my best now as leader as I haven’t yet experienced every problem and responsibilities but I want to get better than I am now. Being a leader is hard because responsibilities weighs more than you expect, for your time, group and for yourself. But as I experience it once, twice or more to it, it is very helpful due to that I improve from before. Finding myself being a student head nurse is part of being a student but when I experience it was a little hard because I have difficulty at first in coping because it is my first time to lead a group in ER but I can manage. I was a little bit of loss for a minute on how to manage my time but I made a time table on the different things I have to manage from the start towards the end likely checking the works of my group mates and reminding them of the different responsibilities they have to prioritize first on the certain time. I was at ease because I felt blessed that my group mates work with less supervision and questions as the before group mates I have had. Some take initiatives for the different assigned work for our report. They manage to finish it on time and we communicate well. They also show respect with it comes to work as they call me â€Å"ma’am†, which I am not used to, during our shift of duty. I also was glad that I experience new and improved group mates. The things that I experienced as a leader was uncountable and unforgettable, due that I experienced new in every leadership that I account for. Responsibilities are just at our forefront and the moment we move forward it comes our way so we must be ready, so every experience that we take, took it as learning and a good endeavor to become a good leader not for other people but also for yourself.

Classroom †Toelf Essay Essay

In general, most people tend to view things differently, even whether if classrooms environment should be interactive or not. To some people, they may think that classrooms are places where teachers lecture and the students listen. However, in my opinion, I believe that classrooms should be interactive. The following cases and examples will help support my point of view. People have different backgrounds. Students, especially in international schools, have varying backgrounds, which may result in different views. A classroom is a place for learning experiences, therefore, it is crucial that varying opinions are brought to the table. Take the example of a business class. In discussing whether or not coffee stands should be locate within the campus or outside, the teacher may Do you think that students will always understand every single thing the teacher lecture about if they weren’t allow to ask questions? In complicated classes such as math or science there are many things that usually confuse the students. It is nigh impossible for the teacher to be able to make sure that everyone understands, let alone knowing whom doesn’t what. Courage. When your kids grow up, they do not work alone. Courage is an important aspect in working with others, whether it is to lead or just to follow. In the case of Pearson Hardman, an international law firm, they seek not only people with knowledge but also people who have individuality, people who could think for themselves and are not afraid to express their opinion. Where is a better place to develop those traits than in classrooms. Classrooms where students are allowed, and encouraged, to speak out their mind. In conclusion, it is hard to make all people view things in the same way, even in the case of whether or not classrooms should be interactive. Some people may agree that it should not be because discussions may lead to the teacher not being able to teaches everything he intended to. However, to me, I strongly agree that classrooms should be interactive. The examples and cases mentioned above have supported my point of view to the best.

Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good

When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal... Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal...

Puritans and John Winthrop

Puritans and John Winthrop Comparing and contrasting theories of Madison WinthropThe political ideologies of John Winthrop and James Madison describe two very different governments in size and structure; however, there are some similarities in the core fundamentals of the early government of the United States and the Puritan colonies with their idea of "The New England Way" of government. Madison and Winthrop alike have a premonition similar to the likes of Plato, Hobbs, Machiavelli and other philosophers and political theorists that is if a man is left alone to his own devices he will inherently choose a self-serving decision based on blind passion rather than an alternative, which would serve the greater good of the community or a preservation of ones self. Puritan theocrats like John Winthrop would attribute society's evil nature or quest for greed to the "original sin" that was committed by Adam, Madison might attribute a similar scenario to a faction seeking to pursue its agenda at the expense, and disre gard of all others.Winthrop, Massachusetts"We must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection; we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others' necessities; we must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight each other, make other's conditions our own, rejoice together, morn together, labor and suffer together: always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body."The above passage typifies the design of the puritan community they were alone in a new world and each of their lives and futures were interdependent or intertwined with one another through the grace and glory of god. The fabric of puritan society was woven together through their...

Biography of Euripides, Third of the Great Tragedians

Biography of Euripides, Third of the Great Tragedians Euripides (480 B.C.–406 B.C.) was an ancient writer of Greek tragedy- the third of the famous trio (with Sophocles and Aeschylus). He wrote about women and mythological themes, like Medea and Helen of Troy. He enhanced the importance of intrigue in tragedy. Some aspects of Euripides tragedy seem more at home in comedy than in tragedy, and, indeed, he is considered to have been a significant influence on the creation of  Greek  New Comedy. This comic development  comes after the lifetime of  Euripides and his contemporary, the most familiar writer of Old Comedy, Aristophanes. Fast Facts: Euripides Known For: Famous Greek playwright and tragedian who created the love-dramaBorn: 480 BCE in ‎Salamis Island, GreeceParents: Mnesarchus (also spelled Mnesarchides), CleitoDied: 406 or 407 BCE in Macedonia or AthensWell-Known Plays: Alcestis (438 BCE), Heracles (416 BCE), The Trojan Women (415 BCE), Bacchae (405 BCE)Awards and Honors: First prize, Athenian dramatic festival, 441 BCE, 305 BCESpouses: Melite, ChoerineChildren: Mnesarchides, Mnesilochus, EuripidesNotable Quote: There are three classes of citizens. The first are the rich, who are indolent and yet always crave more. The second are the poor, who have nothing, are full of envy, hate the rich, and are easily led by demagogues. Between the two extremes lie those who make the state secure and uphold the laws. Early Life and Career A contemporary of the second of the tragedy  trio,  Sophocles, Euripides was born around 480 BCE to his parents Mnesarchus or Mnesarchides (a merchant from the Athenian deme of Phlya) and Cleito. It is believed he might have been born on Salamis or Phlya, although that may be a coincidence of the inventive methods used to date his birth. Euripides first competition might have been in 455. He came in third. His initial first prize came in 441, but out of about 92 plays, Euripides won only four  more first prizes- the last, posthumously. Intrigue and Comedy Where Aeschylus and Sophocles emphasized plot, Euripides added intrigue. Intrigue is complicated in Greek tragedy by the constant presence of the all-knowing chorus. Euripides also created the love-drama. New Comedy, a type of Greek  drama  that lasted from about 320  BCE  to the mid-third century  BCE  that offers a mildly satiric view of contemporary Athenian society, later took over the more effective parts of Euripides technique. In a modern performance of Euripides tragedy, Helen, the director explained it was essential for the audience to see immediately that its a comedy. Key Plays Another Euripidean tragedy that portrays women and Greek mythology, and seems to bridge the genres of tragedy, is a satyr play and comedy called Alcestis. In the play, a buffoonish Hercules (Heracles) comes to the house of his friend Admetus. The latter is mourning the death of his wife Alcestis, who has sacrificed her life for him but wont tell Hercules who has died. Hercules overindulges, as usual. While his polite host wont say who died, the appalled household staff will. To make amends for partying at a house in mourning, Hercules goes to the Underworld to rescue Alcestis. Tragedies that Euripides had written shortly before death that had never been performed at Athens City Dionysia were found and entered into the Dionysia, a large festival in ancient Athens, in 305 BCE. Euripides plays won first prize. They included The Bacchae, a tragedy that informs our vision of Dionysus. Unlike in Euripides play Medea, no deus ex machina comes in to save the child-killing mother. Instead, she goes into voluntary exile. It is a thought-provoking, grizzly play, but in the running for Euripides most excellent tragedy. Death Euripides may have died in Athens. Ancient writers from the third century BCE (starting with a poem by Hermesianax [Scullion]) claim Euripides died in 407/406, not in Athens, but in Macedonia, at the court of King Archelaus. Euripides would have been in Macedonia either in self-imposed exile or at the kings invitation. Gilbert Murray thinks the Macedonian despot Archelaus invited Euripides to Macedonia more than once. He had already corralled Agathon, the tragic poet, Timotheus, a musician, Zeuxis, a painter, and possibly, Thucydides, the historian. Legacy Despite winning only limited acclaim during his lifetime, Euripides was the most popular of the three great tragedians for generations after his death. Even during his lifetime, Euripides plays won some acclaim. For example, after the ill-fated Sicilian expedition, where Athens ventured into the Italian island in 427 BCE with disastrous results, those Athenians who could recite Euripides were reportedly saved from slave-labor in the mines. An indication of the resilience of his work is the fact that 18 or 19 of Euripides plays have survived to this day, centuries after he wrote them, and more than the plays of either Aeschylus  and  Sophocles. Sources â€Å"Ancient Greek Dramatic Festivals.†Ã‚  The Randolph College Greek Play.. Classical LiteratureAncient Greece-Euripides-Alcestis.â€Å"Euripides Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World BiographyKawalko Roselli, David. Vegetable-Hawking Mom and Fortunate Son: Euripides, Tragic Style, and Reception. Phoenix Vol. 59, No. 1/2 (Spring-Summer, 2005), pp. 1-49.Murray, Gilbert. Euripides and His Age. 1913.â€Å"New Comedy.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica.Scullion, S. â€Å"Euripides and Macedon, or the Silence of the Frogs.†Ã‚  The Classical Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 2, 2003, pp. 389–400.

Should Abusive Parents Be Punished or Treated Research Paper

Should Abusive Parents Be Punished or Treated - Research Paper Example Parenting has usually been treated as a private issue in the United States, and the government has been hesitant to meddle with the rights of parents to care for or raise their children in their own way. Even though a number of laws have been implemented since the 1960s forbidding extreme parental cruelty against children, there is still, in reality, tremendous lenience for violence against children (Westman, 2007). These aggressive actions may not be viewed as abusive by some but are regarded as abuse by many professionals. Many states do not forbid parents from hitting their children. Yet, most states have laws that identify child abuse. The federal government has ratified the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) which establishes rules that the states should integrate into their child abuse laws (Wallace & Roberson, 2010). CAPTA mandates the designation of child abuse to add (Hirschy, Thompson, & Wilkinson, 2010, 2): â€Å"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm†. In a research on cases of absence of supervision, many involved parents who entrusted their children to an incompetent guardian or caregiver or parents who totally abandoned their children. In 40% of the cases examined, dependable parents admitted: â€Å"they believed there was nothing wrong with what had happened† (Collins, 2006, 808). Moreover, the caseworkers who were instructed to evaluate the case documents thoroughly reported â€Å"that in more than half the cases†¦ the supervision problem was due to a lack of knowledge or poor judgment about the abilities or needs of children of a given age†.  Ã‚  

Potential Opportunity for Samsung to Market in China and Vietnam Case Study

Potential Opportunity for Samsung to Market in China and Vietnam - Case Study Example In the current environment of highly competitive global business, it now needs to explore and analyze market potential for its tablet in China and Egypt. Criteria for assessing potential opportunities for Samsung Tablets in China and Egypt Sn. Factors for assessment China Egypt 1. Population/popn growth 1338 mn/nil 81 mn/1.8% 2. GDP per capita $7599 $6180 3. Poverty (%) 36.3 18.5 4. UN education index 0.623 0.560 5. Contribution of private enterprises to GDP More than 50% na 6. PDI (personal disposable income in urban area $2515 na 7. Inflation (1-7 taken from BTI, 2012) 3.3 11.3 7. Credit rating (S&P) (S&P, 2013) AA- CCC+ 8. Country risk factors Political Technological Economic Social low low low high high low low high 9. e-Business readiness yes yes 10. Business forecast for 3 years (growth rate) 2012 2013 2014 7.8 8.0 8.2 (IMF, 2013) 113.13 126.29 138.48 (HSBC, 2012) China China’s economic reforms since 1978 have opened the market for overseas business and created viable en vironment for FDI and multinationals. It has shown incredible advancement in economy to become second largest in the world in 2010, surpassing Japan and biggest exporting country in 2009 (bti, 2013). At the same time, the stimulus package of $586 billion has challenged its dependence on fixed asset and new credit of about $ 2.5 trillion in 2009-2010 could lead to inflationary trend. Though there is wide income disparity with GINI index at 0.475 and urban-rural gap widening from 2.79:1 in 2000 to 3.3:1 in 2009, per capita disposable income in urban areas being $2515 as against $755 in rural areas. South Korea is one of the most important trading partners of China with good bilateral relations. FDI at $ 105.7 billion in 2010 encouraging, especially when private enterprises contribute more than 50% of the GDP and create more than 80% of new jobs. It has relatively high disposable income which makes it attractive for overseas business, especially, tablets which have huge demand with 41% rise in its demand (Stanley Morgan report, 2011). Egypt The country is continually in a state of high political instability but surprisingly it has not affected its economic development and structural improvement. The economic reforms introduced during 2004 by the Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif have continued with focused approach. The economic reforms and liberalization has not addressed the problems of literacy and unemployment which has considerably increased poverty and income disparity across the population. 40% of 83 million population comprising of nearly 20 million people are between 18 and 29 years, most of whom are vulnerable to poverty due to lack of education and unemployment. With high inflation rate of nearly 12% and relatively low GDP growth of 5%, the most populous country of Middle East has shown negative growth in both its export and import trade (BTI, 2012). Despite market liberalization, lack of nepotism and law enforcement has adversely impacted growth of domestic and foreign businesses. There is also rampant gender discrimination and human development index has continually shown down trend. It lacks political commitment and institutional capacity to address the problem of growing illiteracy and unemployment. Recommendation for China China has stable socio-political environment with high growth in GDP which has also made it attractive for overseas business. With increasing disposable income

Socialization and Other Skills for the Students Essay

Socialization and Other Skills for the Students - Essay Example The student is in the classroom and often daydreams. In order to help this student, I would work with the student in a quiet area within the classroom. I would break the assignments down into smaller chunks. I would use a timer for this and set the timer to correspond with the student’s attention span. As an example, if I saw that the student began to daydream after ten minutes, I would set the timer for ten minutes and then allow the class to have a short break at the end of each 10 minutes. I would also use small group activities so that the student could interact with other students during the learning process. The third intervention would be to watch the student and as I saw them going into a daydreaming phase I would let them know I was going to call on them next to answer a question. I would remind the class to focus on what we were doing at that time so I could bring the student’s attention back to the classroom. This intervention would specifically address the d aydreaming in that it would give the student something to do for a shorter amount of time. The outcome for the intervention would be that the student was able to sit in the classroom for the entire classroom time, without daydreaming. Progress for this intervention could be monitored by keeping track of the amount of time that the student is able to tolerate. As an example, the starting point would be 10 minutes, the time would be extended to 15 minutes and then finally to the full class time. Once the student could stay in the class without daydreaming and without using the timer, I would know that the intervention was effective.

Scholastic Methods in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Scholastic Methods in Education - Essay Example The scholastic environment, including factors like a supportive school atmosphere and the classroom context as well as language barriers, was determined to be directly related to teacher satisfaction (Lam, 2006; Bai, 1995). As our understanding of how children learn has grown, the many ways we teach children has also improved. The scholastic environment is intended to act as a cushion and protects the psychological well-being of children as they develop (Lam, 2006). Research has indicated that a teacher’s effect on their students is often the result of the students’ psychological responses to the teacher’s behavior (Wei, Brok & Zhou, 2009). Studies have shown that children can begin learning from birth and as they age and grow, their ability to learn new ideas and concepts also grows (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The reputation of a school and its influence on the life of the community invariably depend on the kind of teachers working in it. Of many dimensions , the following facets for measuring Teacher Job Satisfaction include: professionalism, teacher learning, innovation, and interpersonal relations (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010) Professionalism relates to job security and social prestige, molding young minds, appreciation from others, and the ability to help students resolve their problems (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). ...  Inter-personal relations are associated with relationships with colleagues, parents, students, higher authorities or any personnel relative to school (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). Despite the establishment of these criterions, measuring the teacher’s level of job satisfaction remains a difficult task (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). It is estimated that 157,000 teachers exit the field every year and an additional 232,000 others change schools in pursuit of better working conditions found in prestigious, higher-performing schools (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). Combined, this repre sents approximately 12% of the teaching workforce, excluding the teachers that leave due to retirement (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). The exit of teachers from the profession and the movement of teachers away from low-performing schools are costly phenomena in regards to the loss students in the value of being taught by an experienced teacher, schools and districts must recruit and train their replacements, and the overall costs financial of teacher attrition (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). Fiduciary repercussions can vary widely by district and may include signing bonuses, subject matter stipends, and other recruiting costs specific to the educational forum, totaling an estimated $7.34 billion to hire, recruit, and train the replacement teachers (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008).

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health care - Essay Example A concept entailing a well designed marketing offers guidance to the development of comprehensive marketing initiatives, which assists in attracting individualized markets. The target market of health care organizations comprises of group of customers through their services and goods. This creates the need for a good strategy, and the target market is evaluated the well thought-out in order to develop a plan for targeting surrounding community. Therefore, health care organizations position themselves in a way that separates themselves from the competitors. In this case, heath care organizations offer the similar services and products, thus by providing unique services the organization leads attraction of new customer’s base and development of a substantial relationship between customers and organization. Moreover, the organization target market is considered unique through the services and products that they offer in order to attract new customers. Competitive health care indu stry requires a periodic examination of products and services in order to ensure that the products and services offered to the patients are of high quality. ... The hospitals have also been conducting periodic surveys in order to identify target segment within a certain area. The hospitals provide unique services in order to part themselves from the competitors. On the other hand, there is a need to understand the fundamental dimensions of differentiation and position in order to explore the marketing strategies of Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic. According to Spencera, Joinerb and Salmonc (2009), differentiation relates to the process of adding a set of substantial differences that are valued by customers in a way that can distinguish the organization products and services from competitors’ offerings. Therefore, the health care institution differentiate their market through offering an along five dimensions, which include; products, services, channels, image and personnel. However, services dimensions in health care field are significant through the relations between the employees and patients. In this case, a positive experie nce concerning the employees and patients can create the difference of one hospital from the competitors. The hospital applies a well-planned marketing and branding tactic in order to establish a course of action for the maturity of effective marketing campaign. Moreover, they have marketing and branding strategies, which are key components of consideration through the development of their marketing plan. Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic have an approach that offers incentives for the process of expansion through marketing initiatives, which attract distinguished market. Therefore, they are able to offer services that are desired by a certain group of consumers in the target market. The target customer refers to people who have a high likelihood

Intermed Statistics for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intermed Statistics for Business - Essay Example The results of the analysis were used in analyzing if strategy and planning are important in undertaking business. Analysis In the process of analysing the 73 small sized companies, we made use of the criteria of business planning. The 73 companies were divided into three different distinct groups and data analyzed from this point of view. For instance, categorized under Index 1, were companies which had plans of up to 15 years while index 2 were for companies which had short terms plans of 1 year and below and finally index 3 categorized companies which had no plans at all (Hays, 2007). The analysis report is outlined below: Revenue Revenue of the 73 small companies was measured with the main comparison being the average revenue growth for a period of five years. Index 1: From the analysis of revenues of companies which had short-term strategic plans, the average revenues of 11 companies out of 73 under this category stood at 78.64%. Index 2: From the analysis of revenues of compani es which had short-term strategic plans, the average revenues of 27 companies out of 73 under this category stood at 22.74%. Index 3: From the analysis of revenues of companies which had no strategic plans, the average revenues of 35 companies out of 73 under this category stood at 37.29%. ... Analysis of the income is analyzed below: Index 1: Companies categorized here had an average income growth of 42.73% in the past five years. Index 2: Companies which had short terms plans on the other hand recorded a 27.07% increase in income over the last five years. Index 3: Companies which had no plans at all on the other hand recorded a 19.4% increase in income in the last five years. The analysis of income shows that the mean income of all the 73 companies stood at around 25.76% growth in the last five years (Hays, 2007). Therefore, we can conclude that companies with short and long term plans performed beyond the expected growth rate as shown by figure 2 in the appendix. Book The book value is used to show the average book value growth over a period of five years as analyzed below: Index 1: Average growth for companies falling under this category stood at around 69.18%. Index 2: The percentage growth rate for companies in this category stood at 41.41% over a five year period. I ndex 3: The growth rate of companies in this category stood at 11.11% over a period of five years. The analysis of the book value growth show that companies with long term plans had the capability to tremendously growth their book balances over a long term. This is compared to companies with short terms plans who posted impressive results by surpassing the mean growth rate of 31.07%. Companies with no plans had a low book value growth rate compared to other companies (Healey, 2011). This is exhibited by figure 3 in the appendix. Comp This variable was used to measure the average cash compensation awarded to CEO for the 73 companies over the period of the last five years. The analysis of compensation

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health care - Essay Example A concept entailing a well designed marketing offers guidance to the development of comprehensive marketing initiatives, which assists in attracting individualized markets. The target market of health care organizations comprises of group of customers through their services and goods. This creates the need for a good strategy, and the target market is evaluated the well thought-out in order to develop a plan for targeting surrounding community. Therefore, health care organizations position themselves in a way that separates themselves from the competitors. In this case, heath care organizations offer the similar services and products, thus by providing unique services the organization leads attraction of new customer’s base and development of a substantial relationship between customers and organization. Moreover, the organization target market is considered unique through the services and products that they offer in order to attract new customers. Competitive health care indu stry requires a periodic examination of products and services in order to ensure that the products and services offered to the patients are of high quality. ... The hospitals have also been conducting periodic surveys in order to identify target segment within a certain area. The hospitals provide unique services in order to part themselves from the competitors. On the other hand, there is a need to understand the fundamental dimensions of differentiation and position in order to explore the marketing strategies of Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic. According to Spencera, Joinerb and Salmonc (2009), differentiation relates to the process of adding a set of substantial differences that are valued by customers in a way that can distinguish the organization products and services from competitors’ offerings. Therefore, the health care institution differentiate their market through offering an along five dimensions, which include; products, services, channels, image and personnel. However, services dimensions in health care field are significant through the relations between the employees and patients. In this case, a positive experie nce concerning the employees and patients can create the difference of one hospital from the competitors. The hospital applies a well-planned marketing and branding tactic in order to establish a course of action for the maturity of effective marketing campaign. Moreover, they have marketing and branding strategies, which are key components of consideration through the development of their marketing plan. Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic have an approach that offers incentives for the process of expansion through marketing initiatives, which attract distinguished market. Therefore, they are able to offer services that are desired by a certain group of consumers in the target market. The target customer refers to people who have a high likelihood

His clc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

His clc - Essay Example â€Å"From the beginning, Islam was for obvious reasons closely tied to Judaism and Christianity. The Koran evolved over more than three decades, during which Muhammad was engaged in discussion with adherents of both religions. There is an abundance of documentation on this subject in the Koran, including †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ narratives with a biblical background and various traditions, both written and oral, of Jewish and or Christian origin† (p.1). Moreover, a fundamental element of the interrelationship between these three faiths was the intolerance of other religious practices and originated from Abraham. To this end, Peters (1990) comments that whilst alternative polytheistic religions are characteristically tolerant of other religious practices, â€Å"the Children of Abraham, on the other hand, though grudgingly accepting of each other, were professedly and actually intolerant of other religious systems. The One True God of Abraham was, on his own witness a jealous deity who brooked no rivals† (p.xxi). Therefore, whilst the origins of the three faiths share the same roots; the formation of Islam, Christianity and Judaism as separate religious systems has resulted in different belief systems and the focus of this paper is to evaluate the development of Judaism from its historical roots to the contemporary manifestation of the religion. In contrast to the assumption that Judaism’s origins are traceable to Moses; the roots of Judaism are found in the Old Testament with numerous references to the worship of the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and YAHWEH (the Hebrew name for God) prior to Moses. This is referred to in Ben Sira’s deuterocanonical book Sirach in the â€Å"Praise of the Elders†: Moreover, a central underlying foundation of Judaism’s development is the covenant relationship with Abraham (approximately 2,085 BC); where God decreed to Abraham and decreed that the Israelites were the chosen people by the

Reproductive Health Bill Essay Example for Free

Reproductive Health Bill Essay The Reproductive Health Bill was first proposed in 1998 by Edcel Lagman of Albay. The said bill aims to improve and promote all methods of family planning, both natural and modern, to help our country’s dilemma regarding the continued growth of our population. The RH Bill gives information to family planning. It will improve maternal, infant and child health and nutrition. It promotes breast feeding. Then abortion will remain illegal and it is punishable by law but post-abortion complications will be given medical aid. It also contains prevention of reproductive tract infections like HIV/AIDS, STD, etc; treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers, and prevention and treatment of infertility. It has elimination of violence against women and also education of sexuality and reproductive health. It includes male involvement and participation in the reproductive health and lastly education of reproductive health for the youth. For several reasons this bill has been an issue in our country for years. It has its pros and cons. Some say it is advantageous because it will really help in the country’s problem, the never ending growth of population that eventually leads to the country’s unchanging state of poverty. Some say it is a no no because of its very ill effects, immorality and sinful act. While, others have no idea what it is nor have any concern about what is happening around them which is really unfortunate. So the researchers thought of conducting a research concerning the thoughts and opinions of the youth about this bill. The youth’s perceptions are important, so are their awareness. Their awareness is a primary concern because they are the future generation. They should be aware of the things going around their environment in order for them to help and participate in developing the country’s economy into a better one. Their views and points may help the society after all.

Thinking Before You Start Inking Essay -- Health

The lives of average teenagers are filled with perceived angst, usually due to the pressure to conform by society, and more and more of them are trying to claim independence by permanently marking their skin. A survey conducted by the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that 36 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 have at least one tattoo (Associated Press). However, the study did not look at minors who had tattoos, probably due to the fact that 39 states have laws prohibiting minors from getting tattoos and thirty-one states have laws that prohibit both piercing and tattooing on minors without parental permission (National Conference of State Legislatures). However, the focus of this paper will be on the state of Texas, and Texas Health and Safety Code Ann.  §146.012, which â€Å"Prohibits anyone from performing a tattoo on a person under age 18 without the consent of a parent or guardian who believes it is in the best interest of the minor to cover an obscene or offensive tattoo. Required consent may be the physical presence of the individual's parent or guardian or the provision of evidence that he or she is the parent or guardian of the person who is getting the tattoo† (National Conference of State Legislatures). While the law prohibits minors from getting tattoos in Texas, there may be heated debate in households as minors try to convince their parents to give them permission to tattoo. Minors need to realize that tattoos are permanent, and that waiting until they are of age will give them a better sense of judgment when it comes to permanently scarring their bodies. Much of the non-tattooed population does not truly understand the tattoo process, and how it has become safer. However the process o... ...ercare of their tattoo if they want it to heal quickly and be as bright as possible" (Beckerman). Trusting a minor to do that, might make them better adults, but learning to take the time for big decisions is lesson that will help them get along in life on a much smoother path. Works Cited Associated Press. Survey Shows That 24 Percent of Americans Ages 18-50 Are Tattooed. 23 July 2006. Web. 14 March 2012. Beckerman, Gerry. Interview with Tattoo Artist, "Inkslinger" Karen L. Hudson. 13 March 2012. web. Bernstein, Niel. How To Keep Your Teenager Out of Trouble and What To Do If You Can't. New York City: Workman Publishing Company Inc., 2001. Print. Dickson, Amy. "Why Not Tattoo." Time (1999): 41. Print. National Conference of State Legislatures. Tattooing and Piercings for Minors. October 2011. Web. 14 March 2012. Tattoos. April 2009. Web. 14 March 2012. Thinking Before You Start Inking Essay -- Health The lives of average teenagers are filled with perceived angst, usually due to the pressure to conform by society, and more and more of them are trying to claim independence by permanently marking their skin. A survey conducted by the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that 36 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 have at least one tattoo (Associated Press). However, the study did not look at minors who had tattoos, probably due to the fact that 39 states have laws prohibiting minors from getting tattoos and thirty-one states have laws that prohibit both piercing and tattooing on minors without parental permission (National Conference of State Legislatures). However, the focus of this paper will be on the state of Texas, and Texas Health and Safety Code Ann.  §146.012, which â€Å"Prohibits anyone from performing a tattoo on a person under age 18 without the consent of a parent or guardian who believes it is in the best interest of the minor to cover an obscene or offensive tattoo. Required consent may be the physical presence of the individual's parent or guardian or the provision of evidence that he or she is the parent or guardian of the person who is getting the tattoo† (National Conference of State Legislatures). While the law prohibits minors from getting tattoos in Texas, there may be heated debate in households as minors try to convince their parents to give them permission to tattoo. Minors need to realize that tattoos are permanent, and that waiting until they are of age will give them a better sense of judgment when it comes to permanently scarring their bodies. Much of the non-tattooed population does not truly understand the tattoo process, and how it has become safer. However the process o... ...ercare of their tattoo if they want it to heal quickly and be as bright as possible" (Beckerman). Trusting a minor to do that, might make them better adults, but learning to take the time for big decisions is lesson that will help them get along in life on a much smoother path. Works Cited Associated Press. Survey Shows That 24 Percent of Americans Ages 18-50 Are Tattooed. 23 July 2006. Web. 14 March 2012. Beckerman, Gerry. Interview with Tattoo Artist, "Inkslinger" Karen L. Hudson. 13 March 2012. web. Bernstein, Niel. How To Keep Your Teenager Out of Trouble and What To Do If You Can't. New York City: Workman Publishing Company Inc., 2001. Print. Dickson, Amy. "Why Not Tattoo." Time (1999): 41. Print. National Conference of State Legislatures. Tattooing and Piercings for Minors. October 2011. Web. 14 March 2012. Tattoos. April 2009. Web. 14 March 2012.

The Importance of Setting in Please Stop Laughing at Me :: essays research papers

Please Stop Laughing at Me, an autobiography by Jodee Blanco, is one woman’s inspirational story about the fight against bullying. This real-life account is proof of the disturbing results of what happens at school. Jodee Blanco holds nothing back when she describes the horrifying events that occurred to her at several different schools. In the beginning of the book, as the reader, we find ourselves inside Jodee’s head as she is debating whether she should actually walk in and attend her high school reunion or not. Jodee dazzles us with all she has accomplished in life, and convinces us that she has nothing to fear. But, in all actuality, she is still nervous when it comes to facing her former classmates. This beginning scene plays a major role in the books central plot, and allows us to foreshadow some of the upcoming events. Next, we are placed in Jodee’s stable home as she is getting ready for her first day of high school. We see how truly desperate Jodee really is as she describes how her new shoes should make her popular. Throughout the story we see that Jodee is not poor, stupid, cubby, or socially awkward. She is simply prude, and is hated by the classmates of every school she attended in the attempt to become accepted. This explains how loving parents can be so wrong, schools cannot prevent disaster, and children in general can be just plain mean. Jodee goes back and forth through her entire school life explaining all her horrible experiences. We follow her through therapy, and watch as she is misunderstood by all adults. She explicitly depicts her suffering as she relives the torture. Shedding a shell, she lets us have full access of the shunning, teasing, and shocking physical abuse inflicted upon her by her classmates. This sets the atmosphere and attitude of the book, so we may accurately see what happens when no one is watching. This book is timeless, bullying is ongoing. The setting of the 1970s and 80s makes the experience for the reader really see how timeless this book is.

John Proctor the Tragic Protagonist

In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, the protagonist John Proctor is caught in the middle of the Salem witchcraft trials in 1692. The accusers are a bunch of young girls led by Abigail, who wishes to be with john proctor by having his wife hanged at the gallows. John Proctor attempts to bring an end to the lies and corruption spawned by Abigail and her group of followers.Trough these attempts to bring justice to the court of Salem, his efforts to save his his wife Elizabeth Proctor from being hanged for witchcraft, and through his perseverance to protect the honor of his name by not falsely admitting to witchcraft, John Proctor establishes himself as The Crucibles’ Tragic hero. John Proctor realizes the girls making accusations of witchcraft in Salem are lying and pretending. Proctor first learns of Mary Warren, his servant, who making false accusation in the court. John proctor realizes Mary Warren and Abigail, the women John proctor had an affair with, are conspiring to have Elizabeth hanged for witchcraft. Proctor realizes this when Mary Warren makes a poppet for Elizabeth that mimics a voodoo doll and lands Elizabeth an arrest for witchcraft. This when John Proctor decides to go to court to expose the truth. In court while trying to accuse the girls of lying, Mary Warren puts on act to make the court think John is bewitching her, and he ends up being accused himself. This is a tragic quality of The Crucible because John Proctor in the act of trying to save his wife’s life and expose the truth gets himself convicted of the very same crime. Proctor’s wife, Elizabeth Proctor, is accused of witchcraft by Abigail, who claims she used a voodoo doll on her. Mary Warren had constructed the doll in court and John Proctor knows this and wishes to save his wife’s life. He argues with Mary Warren and forces her to testify to the court that the girls were all lying. Mary Warren ends up testifying and then turning on Proctor accusing him of witchcraft. Proctor denies his charge of witchcraft and even shames himself by admitting to the court having had committed lechery with Abigail. The Court brings out Elizabeth to confirm John Proctor’s confession of lechery. Thinking to protect her husband she denies it to the court. This is tragic because in trying save Elizabeth John himself becomes accused and in Elizabeth’s will to save her husbands image she only further convinces the Judge to arrest John Proctor. When John Proctor is accused of witchcraft, he denies all charges and his thrown in jail. He his marked to be hung. On the day of his hanging he is persuaded by Elizabeth and his own conscience to confess in order to save his life. He confesses to the judge and his confession is copied onto a confession statement to be posted on the church. John Proctor does not want his confession posted on the church because he wants his name to retain its honor, especially since he has a family and children. He is told unless his confession is posted on the church it wont be accepted. John Proctor in a moment of self righteousness decides to uphold his honor and denies the charge of witchcraft and allows himself to be hanged in the gallows. Tragedy strikes here because a good person dies while evil prevails. These events show that John Proctor is a tragic hero. He is an honest man and when he realizes the seriousness of girls’ lies he acts to bring truth to the court. He tries to protect his wife from certain death and instead receives the same fate she does. Finally Proctor tries to salvage his name out of the wreckage of the witchcraft trials but cannot do so without dying. These are all examples of why John Proctor is truly The Crucible’s tragic hero.

Interoperability Essay

Interoperability has been described as the extent in which systems and devices can exchange data and translate that shared information. It is the ability of one system to perform work in addition with other systems without asking for too much hard work from the other users. This system enhances the importance for information technology to make the networks and integrations work. In order for the process to function properly the two systems that are attempting to share information must be able to exchange data and introduce that same information to other users in a way that he or she can understand it. There are many organizations in the business world and many have different operating systems. The importance of interoperability in this aspect is to allow each organization to share important information amongst one another. An example would be if an organization such as Child Protective Services (CPS) wanted to share client information with another Protective Services agency regarding a client both organizations should be able to exchange and translate information amongst coordinating organizations. Child Protective Services Child Protective Services (CPS) is known as major department with the Department of Human Services. CPS supports and maintains the social and economic welfare of children by offering services to children to help protect them from abuse and/or child neglect. The Department of Humans Services in California offers CPS to families. CPS serves as mandated reports as well as an organization to protect children from neglect or abuse within the home, from his or her family, foster home or anyone responsible for the care of the child. The services of CPS are to provide protection to the children, provide resources to enable to child to remain residing in the home under safe and harmless circumstances. Also to remove abused or neglected children from the home and to possibly terminate any parental or guardian rights to ensure that the child will be eliminated from any potential danger or harm. The basic constituent of the process include: providing any and all services to minimize potential harm to children and provide resources to families to help them protect and provide appropriate care to his or her child. Next, is to provide the best services possible to meet each child and families unique needs. Last, taking each allegation  made seriously and assessing the allegations to the best of one’s ability to ensure that if there is any form of abuse or neglect the necessary steps occur in order to protect the child. The services of CPS are to intervene if necessary and protect children until his or her parent is capable to doing so. The most essential aspect of CPS is to recognize the protection of children and to ensure that reasonable efforts are made to maintain children safely in their own home, to reunite the family as soon as the courts see fit or to find permanency for the child if the situation permits for the parental rights to be voided. Other services inc lude mental health, counseling, parenting skills training, medical care/services and adoption services. Methods of Interoperability There are several different methods to implement interoperability. Many organizations have created their own interoperability methods. One of the methods of interoperability is technical interoperability, which is the ability for different technologies to communicate and exchange data-based upon well-defined interface standards. The second is semantic interoperability, which is the ability to each endpoint to communicate data and have the receiving party understand the message in the sense intended by the sending party. The third is policy interoperability, which is the common business policies and processes related to the transmission, receipt and acceptance of data between systems, which a legal framework supports. Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion Interoperability has been described as the extent in which systems and devices can exchange data and translate that shared information. Interoperability has many advantages and disadvantages. The goal of CPS is to find avenues to execute full backups bi-weekly and this process will be complemented daily. This organization will also implement an extended back up program monthly.

A history of Latin America Essay

It was during the European colonial expansion that Brazil fell under Portugal as a colony. Colonization in Brazil spanned the period between 1500 to year 1815. Portugal was interested in Brazil for a number of reasons that included the hope of getting minerals, raw materials as well as slave trade and labor to among other interests. The colonization of Brazil had some effect on the native way of life, with most of these effects having had a lasting effect to date. It’s worth noting that from the history of Brazil, France also had an interest in Brazil but could not stand up to Portugal which had taken the control of this part of the world through the signing of a treaty. The Portugal king known as king Manuel 1 who was reigning then wanted the colony to be ruled under a system of 15 hereditary captaincies- a fit that failed to work due to large-scale failure. The system gave way to royal enterprise in 1549. The following essay describes the causes and the effects of the Portuguese colonialism in Brazil. Causes of colonialism There are a number of things that preceded the Portuguese entry into and colonization of Brazil. Following the signing of the treaty of Tordelsillas in the year 1494 that facilitated the division of the world between Spain and Portugal, all land falling to the east was taken up by Portugal while Spain took up the land on the western side. In the year 1500, a navigator, Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral in charge of a fleet of 13 ships trailing the route taken by Vasco da Gama to India, landed in Brazil. He possessed this land for king Manuel 1 as an overseas colonial land for Portugal. His possession of the land made it a colonial land for Portugal (Sweet 2007p233). The Portuguese expressed their interest in Brazil due to the presence of raw materials that proved to be valuable for Portugal. One of the raw materials that Portugal got from Brazil includes the Brazilwood tree from which dark wood and red dye could be extracted. The Brazilwood was readily available in the Brazilian rainforest where it grew naturally. The red dye was exported to Europe where it was useful in staining luxurious textile for trading. The dark wood was sought for commercial purposes as well- specifically for sale within the European markets. The Portugal colonial system was also interested in growing sugar cane from Brazil for use in making of wine and for exporting to Portugal. An interest in other agricultural products of the nature of cash crops also interested the Portugal royal government that was reigning under the king Manuel 1 to take up Brazil as a colony. The cash crops drawn from Brazil included cotton and tobacco. These two cash crops were exported to Europe for sale in the European market. Portugal was interested in Brazil due to the prospect of getting slaves for labor and trade. The plantations in Europe required free labor that slaves could provide. Portugal marked Brazil as a potential area where for getting slaves for their plantations in Europe or for trading them. Even though the Portugal authorities had managed to transact some of the slaves with a Brazilian origin, the coming of the Jesuits in Brazil greatly led to the fall of the trade since they were opposed to the trade. This forced the Portugal authorities to embark on importing slaves from West Africa. At the same time, labor was greatly needed in the sugar plantations in Brazil. The natives provided this labor in exchange of scissors, axes, mirrors and knives while some were captured and forced to provide the labor as slaves (Morris 2006p34). Another reason why Portuguese had an interest in Brazil was because they were hoping to get minerals that they could use for their industries in Portugal or sell them in the European market. Though initially no minerals were found, some deposits of gold and later diamonds were found in the 18th century in the interior of Brazil by the bandeirantes. The area where gold deposits were found is known as the Minas Gerais mines. Deposits of diamond were found in 1729 in a village known as the Tujico village- the present day Diamantina. The French had expressed an interest n the land of Brazil as it was attracted to the Brazilwood and the prospect of mining some minerals from the land. This forced Portuguese to take up the land for establishing colonial rule in it before the French powers could take it over. Even though Portuguese had already possessed the land of Brazil, the heavy presence of the French military along the cost of Brazil forced the Portuguese to set the colonial powers and use military power to evacuate the French from the Brazilian coast (Leftwich 1999p156). Effects of Portuguese colonialism in Brazil The presence of the Portuguese colonial power in Brazil affected a number of the native life of the people in Brazil. Colonialism led to the widespread and adoption of the catholic faith in worship. This was a result of the coming of the Jesuits, who were led by the first governor, Tome de Sousa. The Jesuits made a great representation of the religious enterprise, setting missions within Brazil and actively converting the natives into the catholic faith. Another consequence of the Portuguese colonial powers in Brazil is the death of a great number of people due to wars that pervaded the colony. The natives were opposed to the colonial powers and therefore staged resistances that led to the death of many natives. An example of the native revolts is the Guarani war of the year 1756 where the native were fighting the Portuguese authorities as a protest against slave trade. The native guaranis were assisted by the Jesuits who also opposed slave trade and labor (Chasteen 2001 p251). The colonial era in Brazil also played a great role in the proliferation of the people of the African origin in Brazil. Since Brazil drew a lot of slaves from the West African region to work within the plantations in Brazil, a very large number of Africans settled within the Brazilian land after the slave trade was abolished since they had no way of going back to Africa even when they were set free (Freyre 2008 p458). There was a proliferation of infectious diseases that were brought by the colonialist from Europe to Brazil. The natives had no natural immunity against these diseases and this led to the death of a great number of natives from these foreign diseases. The colonial powers also led to the embrace of the sugar cane growing in agricultural sector for export. Since sugar cane had such a high demand within the European market, the expansion of the sugar cane sector drew great profits. This sector however received a blow and fell once the Dutch and the French started cultivating and exporting sugarcane to the European market. Since Antilles- the area where Dutch and the French produced the sugar was much closer to Europe, the sugar prices fell drastically towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century during which time the sugar industry on Brazil fell. The colonial powers within Brazil also led to the founding of the Rio de Janeiro city in the year 1565 by the governor general Estacio de Sa’. He established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in the year 1763 from Salvador. At the same time, a number of changes took place with the cities in Brazil. The estados – states- in Brazil had been divided and separated so that they were headed by the city council prior to the year 1763. The city councils were composed of top figures within the Brazilian land including the merchants, land owners and business men. Since Brazil was to big to be administered by the royal government, there arose a need to divide this area into smaller estates. The states of Brasil, Maranhao, and Grao-para were unified into Brazilian viceroyalty in the year 1763 and Rio de Janeiro was set as the capital of these cities. This helped to destroy the divisions that were created in the early days of the colonial invasion (Freyre 2008 p457). There was the creation of a number of towns in south Brazil. Some of the towns created include Colonia de Sacramento, Alores islands, and Porto Alegre among other towns. As essay shows, there are a number of major changes that took place with the expansion of the Portuguese power in Brazil. The native Brazilians abandoned their cultural way of life and adopted the life that the Portuguese were living in terms of dress code, food eaten, and the religion adopted (Keller 2006p517). Conclusion Expansion of the European powers into the rest of the world during the colonial era led to major changes and experiences into the areas that these countries set their colonial power. In the case of Brazil, changes that took place were experienced over the whole range of the living including their social living, political life and religion among other areas. The effect of the colonial powers is still felt in Brazil to the present day. References Chasteen J (2001) Born in blood and fire: a concise history of Latin America, Norton p251 Freyre G (2008) The masters and the slaves (Casa-grande & senzala) Brazilian civilization, University of Texas p457, 458 Keller (2006) Colonization study, founding of new societies. Ginn & Company p517 Leftwich A (1999) Redefining politics; populace, property, and power, Taylor & Francis p156 Morris H (2006) History of Colonialism from the Earliest Times Present Day, University of Michigan p34 Sweet W (2007) A history of Latin America. The Abingdon Press p233

Nationalism and Sectionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nationalism and Sectionalism - Essay Example This was a mighty issue which would generate much debate and ultimately foster sectionalism, which was so fervent until the label of Federalist (those who supported a strong central government) and anti-federalist (opposed to the watering down of state sovereignty created substantial followings. James Madison and John Tyler served together in the Virginia General Assembly. They devised a plan for a state's convention to be held in Annapolis, Maryland in September 1786. At this convention, the two men proposed that macro commerce is controlled and regulated by the Continental Congress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the Annapolis meeting. The meeting amplified the urgency to reverse the economic trends. In their report to Congress, including an appeal addressed to Congress, to have the states appoint delegates for a gathering in Philadelphia. Further, that the announcement of purpose to all delegates, was to be a revision of the Articles of Confederation. Thou gh some members of Congress viewed this move as a stepping on their Congressional â€Å"toes†, nonetheless, the delegates from each state were summarily notified by Congress. â€Å"Rhode Island viewed the gathering as an attempt to circumvent their strong state sovereignty. The men of the state had a strong attachment to paper currency; they had low taxes and a state government which was supportive. Many other Americans also had misgivings, which were aligned with the men of Rhode Island. Patrick Henry was rumored to have said.† I smell a rat†. ... strong central government) and anti-federalist (opposed to the watering down of state sovereignty created substantial followings. James Madison and John Tyler served together in the Virginia General Assembly. They devised a plan for a states convention to be held at Annapolis, Maryland in September 1786. At this convention the two men proposed that macro commerce be controlled and regulated by the continental Congress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the Annapolis meeting. The meeting amplified the urgency to reverse the economic trends. In their report to Congress (Madison and Hamilton), included an appeal addressed to Congress, to have the states appoint delegates for a gathering in Philadelphia. Further, that the announcement of purpose to all delegates, was to be a revision in the Articles of Confederation. Though some members of Congress viewed this move as a stepping on their Congressional "toes", nonetheless, the delegates from each state were summarily notified by Congress. "Rhode Island viewed the gathering as an attempt to circumvent their strong state sovereignty. The men of the state had a strong attachment to paper currency; they had3 low taxes and a state government which was supportive. They sent no delegates to Philadelphia. Many other Americans also had misgivings, which were aligned with the men of Rhode Island. Patrick Henry was rumored to have said." I smell a rat". (Quinn) Patrick Henry articulated his belief in the "sanction of place". It was the precursor of the adage or

Short Answer Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short Answer Questions - Essay Example When one is able to clarify the values it gives an opportunity to identify the strength needed in displaying ones profession of nursing. One is able to give services with the help of both personal and profession values. Values are classified according to profession, for example the nursing profession requires patience ,love and honesty. Therefore is it important for to clarify the values in order to execute services in a more diligent way. Public figures are the people entitled to serve the public and most of them do the opposite with their value requirements. This is not the same with the those of professional figures because profession requires direct application of those values in discharging of services .Doctors are professional figures and they execute duties according to their personal and professional values. Public figures have odds in terms of value application because they do things that don’t result from the values they are expected from them. Politicians for instance have odds in terms of their values. They engage in corruption, bribery and tribalism during giving services to the public. This is totally wrong since they are leaders and they should exercise leadership values. The term professional refers to a description of an individual who is competent or skilled in a particular activity. It can also mean a person who is involved in a particular activity as an occupation. Abortion and voluntary euthanasia are important but critical issues related to life and death. They involve use of ethical issues that require legal decisions . Personal interventions are also required before making a decision on abortion and voluntary euthanasia. Abortion is a service that should be offered only under certain conditions of the patient. Legal procedure may follow where the attorney is involved. A person’s will or decision to undergo may be approved after consideration of several valid

A Major Issue Surrounding Religion In Africa Research Paper

A Major Issue Surrounding Religion In Africa - Research Paper Example The challenges that this continent is facing is presumed to not only haunt them in the next decade but they will be of concern to the wider international community as well. This paper aims at providing an analysis of the contemporary issues that confront the continent especially related to religion. I will try to cover different religions that exist in this continent. What are the major issues related to it? I will try to analyze them in the light of past and present so that a theme could be developed that connects the historical and contemporary world. In order to do so we have to peep into the traditional religions of Africa as well as into Islam, this is predominantly the current religion of Africa. I will also try to analyze how religion affects the continent today and what are the defining factors. An analysis of the issues surrounding religion is not possible in isolation. A number of other factors have their own strong impact ( (Deagan) on it such as development, culture, demo cratic environment, health and security, conflicts, arms and reconstruction. Any study done without taking into consideration all these facts will not be based on reality. In short we can say it will be inconclusive. So I will do a detailed analysis and will draw conclusion based on all these factors. We cannot deny the social importance of religion. Religion is an important strand of society. It provides a value system that underpins the foundation of society. Without a common value system of which religion is an important thread, the concept of society is not possible. Religious Plurality in Africa African history is very vast and old. Africa has religious plurality. Religious plurality means sharing of different religious traditions by the same family, immediate or extended, similar ethnic groups and nations. Many religions exist side by side. Members of the same family may follow different religions. If we take a closer look we can categorize the religions in Africa into three t iers, Traditional religions, Christianity and Islam. After Second World War self concept of Africans has changed due to political, intellectual changes around them. History of Religion in Africa The recorded history of Africa dates back to 3000 BC in Egypt. People worshipped gods like Isis, Horus, Osiris, Ra, and Hapi. This was the case within Egypt. In West Africa the trend was to worship single god like sky god. Monotheism that is belief in single god also originated in Egypt in 1300 B.C. that led to worshipping of Akenanten. Religious history is deeply influenced by political history. (History of Religions in Africa) Conquerors of Africa always influenced the religion of the region. Africa was conquered by Greeks, Romans and Phoenicians after the death of Akenanten and each of them influenced the concept of god. The great change in the religious beliefs of the Africans came in 300 AD. Roman emperors believed in Christianity and that is how Christianity entered this region. Even a t that time Christianity was not the only religion. The Bantu faith, who believed in Polytheism, was also expanding in Southern Africa at that time. They believed in the powers of ghosts and evil powers, which supposedly had great influence on their lives. They worshipped ghosts of dead kings and heroes. Islam entered into this region in 600 AD. This shift

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Procedures Seminar - Week 2 - Essay Example The contact is only consensual if a citizen voluntarily stops to communicate with a law enforcer. For instance, traffic stops do not require a suspicion to justify the contact. On the other hand, a Terry stop, which is often a brief detention, lies between a consensual encounter and an arrest. Even so, it demands â€Å"reasonable articulable suspicion† of an ongoing or future criminal activity. An arrest occurs if a police stops a citizen and they are not â€Å"free to leave†. There are basic factors used to coerce a search or an arrest. A â€Å"probable cause† of arrest exists if there is hard evidence or coherent facts that signify the presence or future occurrence of a crime by the person the police stop (Law Enforcement Bulletin, 2014). A person can only be under arrest if police are aware of a crime and have substantial evidence, for instance, if they smell drugs, or see a weapon. During encounters, the searches are often appropriate, although there are times when it is inappropriate. A search is only appropriate if there is â€Å"reasonable suspicion† of a current or future occurrence of a crime. A search is appropriate if a person seems anxious or answers questions contradictorily. One is often in more trouble for telling a lie as compared to simply keeping quiet. In any case, police will inform them of their rights, such as the right to remain silent, in the process of an

Government investigation of suspected terrorists Essay

Government investigation of suspected terrorists - Essay Example The government is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the safety of its citizens and all investments within a country. Without adequate intelligence and data collection on suspected terrorists, it is impossible to prevent any terrorist attack. Without this ability, a government would lose its stability and its citizens would lose confidence in it, a recipe for social unrest. Everyone has right to privacy and civil liberty, but preventive measures should always be put in place to achieve a certain degree of safety. Monitoring the personal lives of terrorists ensure that any terrorism plans are detected early and stopped before any considerable damage is done. It also ensures that their accomplices, supporters, and financiers are identified and dealt with according to the law. Terrorism preventive strategies have the potential to cause harassment of innocent civilians and immigrants. Hence, the government should be obligated to be accountable for its actions at all times. Prying into anybody’s personal life should be done only when it is utterly necessary and for security

Wilkerson Company Case Essay Example for Free

Wilkerson Company Case Essay 1. The Wilkerson Company is in the business of manufacturing valves, pumps and flow controllers. The company has been experiencing profit losses due to price reductions as a result of heavy competition in the pump category, which is considered a commodity product. In the valves category, Wilkerson seems to be a market leader with a loyal customer base. The valve business is less competitive, with no price reductions, and therefore the company has maintained its gross margin target while not compromising market share. Similarly to the valve business, the flow controller category is not as competitive as the pump industry, hence Wilkersons ability to increase price by 10% without sacrificing volume. In addition, the company needs to take into consideration its increase in indirect expenses relatively to the direct labor expenses. All in all, the company has seen its pre-tax margin decrease from 10% to 3%. 2. Adopting a periodic expense approach will severe the already current problems with Wilkersons cost system by distorting even more the actual cost picture. The reason is that the periodic method would ignore the companys product mix as each of the 3 categories has a differentiated direct cost structure. This would therefore create an even more incorrect analysis of the companys profit structure. Although the current cost allocating system is not optimal (as will be discussed later), it is still preferable over the periodic system, which does not take into account any overhead costs when analyzing product margins and the margins effect on the overall profit. 3. Today, Wilkerson uses a simple cost accounting system which charges each unit of product for direct material and labor cost. Material cost is based on the component price, while labor rates are charged to products based on the production run times of each product. Then, the overhead costs are allocated to each of the 3 products as a percentage of production run direct labor costs (currently 300%). 4. Table 1: Activity Based Costs Drivers and Rates Table 2: Calculations of product margins based on current method: Table 3: Calculations of product margins using proposed Activity Based Costing: The shifts in costs and profitability seen above are driven by all the factors that are not taken into account in the current cost allocation system: production runs, number of shipments and hours of engineering work. We believe that these factors are optimal for estimating the cost per product. For example, if we look at the flow controllers, we can see that they have the least machine hours but the highest values of all cost drivers mentioned above. This dramatic difference distorts the cost analysis and favors the flow controllers on the account of the valves and especially the pumps. 5. There are number of options to improve the companys profitability: * Flow Controller Price Increase: As described in the case, Wilkerson has recently raised flow controller prices by 10% without effect on volume. This leads us to believe that it would be possible to further increase prices in order to improve the products losing gross margin (-10%). * Flow Controller Cost Reduction: In addition to a possible price increase, Wilkerson must find a way to lower costs. This may be done by lowering the number of shipments (cost driver) to customers. According to the current agreements with customers, products are packaged and shipped for just-in-time delivery. This method substantially increases the number of shipments and packaging related expenses. This change can be successfully carried out by offering customers volume related discounts in order to decrease the total number of shipments by increasing the size of each shipment. The rationale behind this recommendation is that the cost driver is the number of shipments, rather than the size of each shipment. * Company Product Mix: Based on our profitability calculations for each category, Wilkerson can improve its total profit and profitability by changing its mix to favor valves rather than pumps. Moreover, there is room to consider reducing or even stopping the manufacturing of flow controllers. 6. Our concern regarding our cost estimates used in the previous sections is that the data in exhibits 1, 2, 4, used for all calculations, is based on a single month and does not necessarily reflect a typical month. A more accurate way to estimate cost would be to rely on a longer period of time (perhaps annual). In order to improve our cost and profitability estimates it would be helpful to have information regarding GA, Selling and Marketing cost drivers so we could allocate them directly to each product cost as well. Lastly, we assumed it possible to further increase flow controller prices without affecting the sales volume. It would be helpful to have more data regarding changes in prices and effect on their sales volume. 7. A number of changes may be made to the current compensation method in order to improve profit: * Higher compensation for sales of high profit margin products in order to improve sales mix as mentioned above. * Relative compensation to quantity of sale. This will also promote the goal of cost reduction as it will decrease the number of shipments.

An Effective Communication Tool Marketing Essay

An Effective Communication Tool Marketing Essay This essay will explain the various communication tools that Cadbury has used in communicating the desired position to target market and will describe two TV ads communication campaign and online game communication campaign, meanwhile evaluate the company has effectively communicated the desired position based on these campaigns. A part from that, Cadbury has used three communication mix, advertising, sales promotion, and public relations. Cadbury, provides one of the most successful example of how an advertising message can be modified from one campaign to the next to attribute new values to a brand giving consumers more reasons to buy Cadbury, the same creative message is then communicated through point of sale, merchandising, package design and public relations. Cadbury always look at creative and commercial success separately. It started with a drumming gorilla, the most successful advert of 2007. The video went viral on the internet, as users posted it on video-sharing sites and e-mailed friends. It also, if less memorably, boosted sales of Daily Milk by 9 per cent, helping Cadbury to reverse its fortunes after the confectioner had lost market position and was suffering from the fallout of a salmonella scare and also created bad public relations. Now Cadbury is hoping to repeat the trick with a new  £3.7 million campaign to come up with the third in its series of adverts for Cadbury. This advertising also can co nsider as reminder advertising because it keeps consumer thinking about the brand. The advert features two children, a boy and a girl wearing a dress in the trademark Cadbury purple sitting for what appears to be a standard school photograph session. The fun starts when the photographers light testing is interrupted by a ringing phone. The alarm phone from the boys digital wrist watches transform into a full blown remix of the 1980s Freestyle hit, Dont Stop the Rock. Two mischievous children performing bizarre eyebrow dance moves to an electro-funk soundtrack. One-minute television and cinema advertisement for Cadbury chocolates is thought to have been viewed more than four million times on YouTube in its first three weeks. The commercial, released in the UK on January 23, has the potential to hook a new generation of fans while attracting the attention of those coming of age in the mid 1980s. Based on research (), it is twice the number of viewings racked up at the same stage by the firms previous cult clip, in which a gorilla plays drums. According to YouTube, Cadbury Gorilla Advert in 2007 has 5 million viewers and Eyebrows Advert has 7 million of viewers, this is a huge amount of increased and it also leads customer awareness about Cadbury. This advertisement brings a message content that consists emotional appeal because the idea is to create an antidote to the gloom to make consumers smile, a minute and a half of joy, and enjoyable as the product. The manager wants to ensure that this antidote is spread as far and wide. Therefore, Cadbury paid for 40 per cent of the population to see 60 per cent recognized it and this came from digital exposure. First came the e-mails among friends linking to YouTube clips, them came to remixes and the spoofs. It is edging up to one million views and at one point it was the third-most-watched clip on the website, behind Barack Obamas inauguration speech. Despite consumer goods marketing traditionally using the persuasion model (buy this because it works/tastes good). Cadbury believes that less direct advertising creates curiousity, such as the gorilla campaign, is most effective. The old Gorilla drumming ads is probably made people feel a bit curious, people probably wondered if it was actually a trained monkey or a man in a suit. People might or might not have noticed it was for Cadburys chocolates, and if people did think like this, people might also have wondered why a drumming gorilla should make people want to buy chocolate. All these thoughts are Cadburys objectives to create reminder of the brand to the publicity. Eyebrows is a simple form of advertisement, most people smile when look at the idea, and that was the strongest indicator that Cadbury were on to something. In my opinion, Eyebrows is the new Glass and A Half Full Production from Cadbury Dairy Milk which will bring a smile to our consumers and customer. The Eyebrows campaign will be fully supported through the line with a large Digital and Public Relations campaign which will raise a few Eyebrows and lots of smile throughout the time the campaign is on air. Sales promotion is the second communication tools used by Cadbury. Cadbury developed a website game that provides education to children with sales promotion at the same time. Traditionally, parents buy Freddo as treats for kids, brand awareness campaigns have been aimed at these parents, hoping they would continue to choose Freddo frogs based on passive advertising, TV and print. From an awareness point of view these campaigns worked, as awareness was at 99%. However, sales were on the decline. The reason is when it comes to treats today, parents still buy but it is the kids who choose. Therefore, Cadbury starts to develop a unique brand entertainment channel for Freddo to again create a deeper awareness because people do not aware of the existence of Freddo game. First, Cadbury will identify the target customer which is the parents and the children to remind them Cadbury Freddo is one of the choices to purchase as a gift. In my opinion, Cadbury is using determine communication objectives to convince the consumer to buy their product. Cadbury stopped marketing the brand product, chocolate frogs; and started marketing the brand character, Freddo. Freddo leaping onto the internet and inspiring children to learn new skills online developed under the theme of edu-tainment. Cadbury engaged teachers and child psychologists to bring this experience to life. In addition, they also give knowledge to the consumer and children to make them like the video game. The video game called The Adventures of Freddo one and two, the adventures of Freddo website featuring animated storytelling, games and activities for young consumers. It has already attracted 160,000 registered players for the first episode of adventures of Freddo in 2009. It allows children beings to explore Freddo online world they will uncover the first animated adventure The Secret of the Golden Keys. Freddo, along with his friends Ashley, Hannah and Zac, set off on a quest through time to save their teacher Professor Jeffrey and defeat the monster Cane Toad Goaf. In my opinion, Cadbury are trying to make the children prefer Cadbury Freddo brand compare to the others brands and trying to get them into conviction and make them to play the game or purchase the Cadbury Freddo Chocolate. The adventures of Freddo Two (The Mystery of Slater Island) followed the successful of first online adventure of Freddo the Frog. So now, Australias iconic chocolate frog is back for a second season. Launching in the March 2010 school holidays The Adventures of Freddo of the Mystery of Slater Island introduces exciting characters and an engaging new way to become part of Freddos universe. Once again, kids are along for the ride; completing immersive, educational games and activities that are sewn right into the storyline. Cadbury also developed a 31 seconds tv advertisement that brings emotional appeal showing a story about Freddo Prince Frog. This TV advertisement has launched during shared family viewing times in the daytime and afternoon. In my point of view, Cadbury are using reminder advertising to keeps consumer thinking about Freddo. The reward of the game and TV ads has been massive growth in brand. The result shows that over 200,000 kids registered, 500,000 episodes watched, 3,000,000 games played, over 30,000,000 minutes spent on the site and 25% sale increased. However, the Adventures of Freddo website has attracted criticism, it upset the health lobby who see it as promoting chocolate products to children. The Coalition on Food Advertising to Children disputed Cadburys assessment of the campaign and said there were loopholes in the self-regulatory code. They concluded that the marketing its use of interactive games to lure children into the branded environment. Cadbury argues that the advertising messaging did not undertake direct marketing of foods to children. Marketing activity to promote was targeted at parents. Parents are the gatekeepers. Kids are unable to go on the website without parents registering the kids. . In my opinion, the game and TV ads create or increases pester power of buying Cadbury Freddo chocolate. The third communication tools used by Cadbury are Public Relations. Cadbury has the art of building good corporate relation with the number of public including society. The first tools that used in the practice of public relations are creating event and giveaways. The Cadbury Freddo Roadshow at Auckland Zoo, children learn all about New Zealands four endangered species of native frogs, and how to help to save them. Every visitor to the Freddo Frog Roadshow will receive an educational booklet for further studies. The second tools are sponsorship. Cadbury receive many requests every day for donations and support. One of the examples is Learning Links. Learning Links is an Australia charity and non-profit organisation formed to help children who have learning disabilities, difficulties and development delays and their families. Cadbury also used public relations to counter poor publicity. For example the Adventure of Freddo game has attracted criticism from some quarters of the health lobby for targeting young children with chocolate. Internet marketing is renowned for its use of interactive games to lure children into the branded environment. Cadbury explains to the community that the site is an example of responsible marketing to children with no chocolate featured on the site. It does not market to children under 12. They are just creating an educational game for children who are under 12. Cadbury also provides identity media such as Freddo cartoon tattoo to children as a gift for purchasing a packet of Cadbury Freddo. In the other hand, Cadbury also created bad public relations in 2006. A rare strain of the Salmonella bacteria is detected and it affecting seven of its products, it has been caused by a leaking pipe. The Health Protection Agency established that 37 people, many of them young children had become ill after eating infected chocolate. More than a million of chocolate bars recalled. This creates bad public relations to the publicity. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article5634660.ece http://www.aglassandahalffullproductions.co.nz/milk-chocolate/cadbury-advert.html Theory http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/4634737/Dancing-eyebrows-advert-for-Cadburys-becomes-a-hit.html Cadbury Eyebrows Raised in Electric Boogaloo http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article5634660.ece ADD THE PROVE of eyebrows has increase the number of viewer comparing with the godrila and truck add. (DONE) Provide the public relations has increase the awareness ? Based on research (), the message that wants to bring to the public from this advertisement is Over at Glass and a Half Full Productions we noticed that wriggly potential of eyebrows and thought we would have a bit of fun with them, said the Cadbury marketing director. In addition, like the other production Eyebrows is all about losing yourself and embracing that moment of joyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦after all, everybody remembers pulling a silly face or getting up to no good as a child when backs were turned.